Posts Tagged ‘2001’
Back to the streets…
Following earlier assays of street signage from all over (e.g., here and here), the rubber finally meets the road itself. Readers, the Toynbee Tile…
Franklin Square, Washington, DC (source)
Since the 1980s, several hundred tiles– all roughly the size of an American state license plate, and all bearing roughly the message above– have been found embedded in the pavement of roads in streets in two dozen major U.S. cities and four South American capitals.
There’s no consensus among scholars of the tiles as to their reference or meaning. It’s pretty widely held that the “Toynbee” reference is to historian Arnold Toynbee, perhaps to a passage (in Experiences):
Human nature presents human minds with a puzzle which they have not yet solved and may never succeed in solving, for all that we can tell. The dichotomy of a human being into ‘soul’ and ‘body’ is not a datum of experience. No one has ever been, or ever met, a living human soul without a body… Someone who accepts – as I myself do, taking it on trust – the present-day scientific account of the Universe may find it impossible to believe that a living creature, once dead, can come to life again; but, if he did entertain this belief, he would be thinking more ‘scientifically’ if he thought in the Christian terms of a psychosomatic resurrection than if he thought in the shamanistic terms of a disembodied spirit.
Others suggest that the tiles allude to Ray Bradbury’s story “The Toynbee Convector,” to Arthur C. Clarke’s story “Jupiter V,” or– perhaps, given the direct 2001 reference, most likely– to Stanley Kubrick’s film (in which, readers will recall, hibernating astronauts who had secret training were to be revived upon arrival on Jupiter).
And while there’s no agreement on the identity of the tiler, a majority of enthusiasts believe that “he” is from Philadelphia– both because the City of Brotherly Love hosts the highest concentration of the plaques and because a collection of tiles found there deviate from the norm to ascribe a plot to John S. Knight (of Knight-Ridder, the erst-while newspaper publishers), the Mafia, and others.
See a (nearly) complete list of tiles and their locations here, a set of photos here, and learn how they are implanted here. Visit this site for a peek at a Sundance award-winning documentary on the Tiles.
UPDATE: Further to earlier posts on Lorem Ipsum and it’s bastard children, Bacon Ipsum and Hipster Ipsum, more grievous greeking: Velo Ipsum (for bicycling enthusiasts), and for the reportorially-inclined, Journo Ipsum.
As we watch where we’re walking, we might recall that it was on this date in 1504 that Michelangelo’s 17-foot-tall marble David was unveiled in a public square outside the Palazzo della Signoria, the seat of civic government in Florence.
All together now!…
The song “Daisy Bell” (aka, “Daisy, Daisy”), written by Harry Dacre in 1892, was famously used in 1961 by Max Mathews, John Kelly, and Carol Lockbaumas as the first example of computer-synthesized voice (an accomplishment to which Stanley Kubrick paid homage in 1968 when he had HAL sing “Daisy Bell” at the end of 2001, A Space Odyssey).
Now Aaron Koblin and Daniel Massey have created the Web 2.0 version: Bicycle Built For 2,000… Koblin and Massey used Amazon’s Mechanical Turk web service, prompting workers (folks from 71 different countries, who were paid $ .06 per pop) to listen to a short sound clip, then record themselves imitating what they heard. Koblin and Massey then synthesized the submissions…
… which readers can hear the results here.
As we clear our throats, we might cast a wistful thought back to this date in 1852, when Henry Wells and William G. Fargo joined with several other investors to launch their eponymously-named cross-country freight business. The California gold rush had created an explosive new need, which Wells, Fargo and other “pony express” and stage lines leapt to meet. It was after the Civil War, in 1866, when Wells, Fargo acquired many of their competitors, that it became the dominant supplier. (Ever flexible, they adapted again three years later, when the transcontinental railroad was finished.)
From it’s earliest days, it also functioned as a bank, factoring the shipments of gold that it carried. Indeed, when Wells, Fargo exited the freight business as a result of government nationalization of freight during World War I, the bank (which merged with Nevada National in the first of a series of “transformative transactions”) continued to operate as “Wells, Fargo,” as indeed it does (albeit under unrecognizably evolved ownership) today.
It remains to be seen whether Wells, Fargo will exit the increasingly nationalized banking business.
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