Posts Tagged ‘child labor’
“Without debatement further, more or less, / He should the bearers put to sudden death, / Not shriving time allow’d.”*…
“Cell suicide” is inherently self-destructive, and yet it’s an essential and productive process in complex organisms. How did cells evolve a process to end their own lives? As Veronique Greenwood reports, recent research suggests it first arose, first arose billions of years ago… but why?…
It can be hard to tell, at first, when a cell is on the verge of self-destruction.
It appears to be going about its usual business, transcribing genes and making proteins. The powerhouse organelles called mitochondria are dutifully churning out energy. But then a mitochondrion receives a signal, and its typically placid proteins join forces to form a death machine.
They slice through the cell with breathtaking thoroughness. In a matter of hours, all that the cell had built lies in ruins. A few bubbles of membrane are all that remains.
“It’s really amazing how fast, how organized it is,” said Aurora Nedelcu, an evolutionary biologist at the University of New Brunswick who has studied the process in algae.
Apoptosis, as this process is known, seems as unlikely as it is violent. And yet some cells undergo this devastating but predictable series of steps to kill themselves on purpose. When biologists first observed it, they were shocked to find self-induced death among living, striving organisms. And although it turned out that apoptosis is a vital creative force for many multicellular creatures, to a given cell it is utterly ruinous. How could a behavior that results in a cell’s sudden death evolve, let alone persist?…
The story in full: “Cellular Self-Destruction May Be Ancient. But Why?“, from @vero_greenwood in @QuantaMagazine.
* Shakespeare, Hamlet (Act 5, Scene 2)
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As we appreciate apoptosis, we might send healthy birthday greetings to Lillian Wald; she was born on this date in 1867. A nurse, humanitarian, political reformer, and author, she was instrumental in establishing a nationwide system of nurses in public schools. Known as “the Angel of Henry Street” (for her founding and running of the Henry Street Settlement in New York City), she directed the Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service, while at the same time tirelessly opposing political and social corruption. She helped initiate the revision of child labor laws, improved housing conditions in tenement districts, drove the enactment of pure food laws, championed and improved education for the mentally handicapped, and led the passage of enlightened immigration regulations.
“It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men”*…
Your correspondent is headed into a particularly busy period of travel/work, so (Roughly) Daily will be more roughly than daily for next few days. Regular service should resume on September 20…
Grim, but important…
Legal protections for children in the United States and in every individual state fall short of international children’s rights standards, Human Rights Watch said [in a report released this week]. Children in the US can be legally married in 41 states, physically punished by school administrators in 47 states, sentenced to life without parole in 22 states, and work in hazardous agriculture conditions in all 50 states. As the only UN member state that has failed to ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the US falls far below internationally adopted standards.
One year after the release of a scorecard that measures US compliance with key international child rights standards, 11 states have enacted reforms that improve their rankings. Absent federal ratification and federal laws regarding many of the issues the convention addresses, jurisdiction is left to individual states. As a result, the protection and advancement of child rights varies from state to state…
While only seven states score higher than a “D” grade, four states shed their “F” grade, three moved up to a “C,” and several significantly improved their rankings. Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, Vermont, and West Virginia showed improvement over the last year.
The policy changes that improved states’ grades were most frequently in the areas of banning sentencing children to life without parole, raising the minimum age of prosecuting children in the juvenile system, and limiting or prohibiting child marriage. Progress was limited on banning corporal punishment. On child labor, some states moved to roll back child labor protections…
The updated scorecard shows improvement, but many states still fail children: “No US State Meets Child Rights Standards,” from @hrw.
Related:
* Frederick Douglass
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As we protect our progeny, we might recall that it was on this date in 1924 that the League of Nations passed the Declaration of the Rights of the Child (AKA The Geneva Declaration), a historic document drafted by Eglantyne Jebb that recognized and affirmed for the first time the existence of rights specific to children and the responsibility of adults towards children.
The U.S. was not a member of the League. But in 1959 the Declaration was adopted in an extended form by the United Nations.
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